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Graze to protect surface water

University of Wisconsin
Sep 2, 2025
Sep 2, 2025

1 of 6

Well-managed grazing can be an ideal way to manage perennial stream bottoms if they are treated as critical and sensitive areas and managed responsibly through vulnerable times of the season.

Contributed

A concentrated flow path is shown in a perennial pasture during April. The adjacent outwintering site is offset by 35 feet.

Contributed

A road-culvert outlet that annually flows through a pasture during prolonged wet periods is considered an intermittent stream.

Contributed

Grazing along perennial streams without causing damage to streambanks or contamination of water requires grazing management that limits livestock exposure to the stream. Cattle in South Central Wisconsin are being excluded from the stream with temporary fencing.

Contributed

Grazing of steep slopes without leaving the land vulnerable to soil erosion requires grazing management that prioritizes post-grazing residual. Cattle in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin are being rotated to their next paddock to maintain residual and protect the soil.

Contributed

Figure 6A details the average total monthly runoff from five Wisconsin Discovery Farms grazing sites with the contribution of runoff on frozen vs non-frozen soil indicated. Figure 6B details the distribution of all monthly total runoff values across 22 site-years of data from Discovery Farms grazing sites.

Contributed

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University of Wisconsin

Many of Wisconsin’s abundant freshwater resources are impaired due to elevated phosphorus and sediment levels. In a grazing system, it is important to take into consideration management, weather and landscape characteristics to minimize impacts to surface water quality.

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The article was written by Jason Cavadini, Laura Paine and Kelsey Lee Hyland. Other contributors include Adam Abel, grazing specialist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service, and Ellen Albright, researcher with UW-Discovery Farms Wisconsin.

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