The first months of a calf’s life are a critical window for respiratory disease risk. Their immune system is still developing, making them especially vulnerable during periods of stress. Whether calves move through a beef stocker system or remain on a dairy, management decisions can shape how well they respond to vaccination and how resilient they remain during disease challenges.
Stress can tip scale, affect immunity
The first months of a calf’s life are a critical window for respiratory-disease risk.





