Aerica Bjurstrom and Angie J. Ulness
University of Wisconsin
Bovine respiratory disease remains one of the most common and costly health challenges in preweaned dairy calves. While traditional diagnosis relies on visual symptoms, such as coughing, nasal discharge or elevated temperature, those signs often appear late in the disease process, after damage has already occurred. Even when calves appear healthy, subclinical lung infections — or non-visible forms of pneumonia — can compromise growth, feed efficiency and future milk production.
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